As a mere earthing, I remember I want to see in attraction
Foreigner Martian surface photos were sent back during the summer of 1997. I was not alone. The server slowed into a crawl in NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab, when he received more than 47 million hits (a record number!) From people trying to download the early images of the red planet. To be fair, it was in the late 1990s, the internet was still young, and most people were using dial-up modem. By the end of the 83-day mission, Foreigner 550 photos were sent back and made more than 15 chemical analysis of Martian rocks and soil.
ForeignerOf course, it lives on Mars. Painted here Marie Curie, Its twin. Functionally similar, either one of the rovers could travel on Mars, but one of them was bound to be the famous face of the mission, while the other was left behind in ambiguity. Have i written this piece because I feel a little bad for it Marie CuriePerhaps. But this gave me a chance to re -see this leading Mars mission, which established that robots could effectively detect the surface of the planets and make public imagination captive.
ForeignerSojorn on Mars
On 4 July 1997,
Mangal Pathfinder The parachute was done through the martian environment and finally jumped about 15 times on the glorious airbag before a rest. Lander, Name changed Carl Sagan Memorial StationPrecious cargo was taken inside. The next day, after retreating the airbag, solar-operated Foreigner Make your path easier under the ramp, first to move the man -made vehicle to move to the surface of the second planet. (This was not the first supernatural body, however. Soviet Lunokhod Rovers In 1970 and 1973, two successful missions on the Moon operated. The Soviet Union also launched a rover on Mars in 1971, but the communication was lost anytime before prop-M.)
This huge sandbox provided in JPL Marie Curie With an estimate of the Martian region. Mike Nelson/AFP/Getty Images
Six-wheel, 10.6-3rg, microwave-oven-shaped
Foreigner Three low-resolution cameras (two for black-end-white images and one color camera on the rear), one laser danger-an alpha-proton X-ray spectrometer, used to follow the wheel spectrometer, wheel friction and material, and equipped with many accelerating. The robot also demonstrated the value of the six-wheeled “rocker-bogie” suspension system which later became NASA’s Go-Two design for all Mangal Rovers. Foreigner The limited range of your radio does not rotate more than 12 meters from the lander,
Tall I landed Ares ValisAn ancient floodlines have been chosen, which has been chosen due to different types of rocks. Scientists expected to confirm the previous existence of water on the surface of Mars. Foreigner Did the goal discovered pebble that suggested the flowing water, and later the missions confirmed it.
A main attraction of ForeignerIt had an encounter with an 83-day mission on Mars with a rock nickname barnacle bill (left side of the rover). JPL/NASA
As its first task of investigation,
Foreigner Passed 36 cm forward and faced a rock, dubbing the barnaccal bill due to its rough surface. RoverSpend about 10 hours to analyze the rock, using your spectrometer to determine the fundamental composition. In the next few weeks, while the lander collected atmospheric information and took pictures, Rover studied the rocks in detail and tested the martian soil.
Marie CurieIn a jPL sandbox… Sojourn…
Meanwhile back to Earth, engineers used in JPL
Marie Curie To copy Sozurner Movement in settings like a Mars, During the original design and testing of the Rovers, the team established the sandbox, in the Space Flight Operations feature in JPL, the sandbox, each in each thousands of kilograms of playgrounds. He practiced remote operations ForeignerWith a delay of 11 minutes in communication between Mars and Earth. (The actual delay can vary from 7 to 20 minutes.) Foreigner Landed, Marie Curie Continue to help them strategically.
Initially, Foreigner The Earth was operated from a distance, which was difficult to see the delay of communication. Mike Nelson/AFP/Getty Images
During its first few days on Mars,
Foreigner Wearing 3D black glasses by an Earth-based operator and a funky input device was said to be one Spaceball 2003The images directed the operator together with both the lander and the rover. It was like a very, very slow video game – the rover used to go only a few centimeters a day. NASA turned on again Sozurner Danger-Parivar System, which allows Rover Some autonomy To detect its world. A human would suggest a route to discover that day, and then the rover had to avoid any obstacle autonomously, such as a large rock, a rock, or a steep slope.
JPL designed
Foreigner To work for a week. But before coming in contact with NASA on 7 October 1997, Little Rover for 83 Martian days which could continue to continue with 83 Martians. The lander was dropped on 27 September. In all, the mission collected 1.2 gigabytes data (which was at that time Very) And sent back 10,000 images of the planet’s surface.
Organized on NASA
Marie Curie With the hope of sending Mars on another mission. For some time, it was slate to be part of it Mars 2001 Set of missions, but it did not happen. In 2015, JPL transferred Rover Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum,
When NASA made fast, better, cheaper
Tall Mission was second in NASA Administrator Daniel S. GoldinThe Discovery Program of the Discovery Program of which made NASA more agile and efficient and gave his “fast, better, cheap” philosophy. (The first Discovery Mission was for asteroid Eros.) In the financial atmosphere of the early 1990s, the space agency could not risk the loss of a billion-dollar if a major mission failed. Golden opted for small projects; Tall The overall budget of the mission, including flight and operation, was overshadowed by US $ 300 million.
In his 2014 book
Curiosity: An inner look on Mars Rover Mission and those who make it (Prometheus), Science writer rod pile interview Rob ManningChief Engineer for Tall Mission and later Mars Rovers. Maning recalled that one of the best things about the mission was its relatively minimal requirements. The team was responsible for landing on Mars, distributing the rover and transmitting images – clearly challenging, to ensure that the team had no obstacles.
Foreigner Was successful by Rovers Soul, opportunityAnd CuriosityThere are four missions shown here, including the Mary Curie (foreground). JPL-Caltech/Nasa
The real mission Congress and the American people had to prove that NASA could work more efficiently. Behind the curtain, accounting was becoming a little bit of magic, in which “fast, better, cheap” missions were often outlined by large, old projects. For example, radiosotop heaters units ForeignerThere were survived parts from hot electronics enough to operate Galileo Mission for Jupiter, so they were “independent”.
Not only
Tall Mission successful but it captured the hearts of Americans and strengthened interest in search of Mars. In this process, it set the foundation of future missions, which allowed the rovers. Soul, opportunity, And Curiosity (Joe, incredibly, still working about 13 years after landing) to detect even more of the red planet.
How Rovers Foreigner And Marie Curie Got their names
To name his first Mars Rovers, NASA launched a student competition in March 1994 with specific guidance to choose a “heroine”. The entry essays were honored with their quality and creativity, the suitability of the name for a rover, and the knowledge of the student with the knowledge of the mission. Students from all over the world entered.
Bridgeport, Concon’s twelve -year -old Valerie Ambrose won on his essay
Truth truthWhile Rockville, 18 -year -old Deepti Rohtgi of MD, came second for him Marie CurieTruth was a black woman who was born into slavery at the end of the 18th century. She ran away with her baby daughter and won independence for her son through legal action two years later. She became a vocal lawyer for civil rights, women’s rights and alcohol temperature. CurieA Polish-French physicist and chemist was famous for his study of radioactivity, a word he coined. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, as well as the first person to win the second Nobel.
NASA later recognized several other women with designated structures. Was one of the last women to be so honored
Nancy grace romanHead of the first astronomy of the space agency. In May 2020, NASA announced that he would name the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope after Roman; Space telescope is set to launch in early October 2026, although the Trump administration has repeatedly said that it wants Cancel project,
Related: A trillion crook planet and not a sun to shine on them
These days, NASA tries to avoid naming its major projects after people. It changed quietly
Its naming policy After allegations in December 2022, the James Web, for which the James Web Space Telescope was named, fired LGBTQ+ employees in NASA and earlier, the Department of State. A NASA investigation Could not certify the allegations, and so the binoculars retained the name of the web. But the bar is now too much for NASA projects to monument, qualified or otherwise to remember. (Agency allows Hoping lunar robot IM-2 Micro Nova HopperTo be nominated for computer-software pioneer Grace hopper,
so
Marie Curie And Foreigner Will be part of a rare group. ForeignerIncluded in Robot hall of fame In 2003, the pair will always have a celebrity. And Marie Curie Will always be on the shore. But think about it in this way: Marie Curie Now is on performance in one of the most popular museums in the world, where millions of visitors can see Rover closely. This is also not a heritage.
Part of Verification seriesGiven historical artifacts that embrace the immense capacity of technology.
A brief version of this article appears in the June 2025 print issue.
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